Impact of Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Loading on Insulin Resistance in Adult Cardiac Surgery Patients

Participants receive 400 mL of a clear beverage containing 50 g of maltodextrin (carbohydrate) 2 hours before anesthesia induction. The drink is used to lower insulin resistance and improve perioperative recovery.

Participants receive 400 mL of plain water 2 hours before anesthesia induction, following the same protocol and timing as the carbohydrate drink group.