WhatsApp-Based Education Program for Stroke Patients

Participants in the intervention group will receive the same routine face-to-face diabetes education and insulin injection training as the control group, plus a structured WhatsApp-based educational program. The WhatsApp intervention will be delivered over four weeks and include booklets/brochures, photos, and videos on diabetes definition and symptoms, complications, recognition and management of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, foot care, nutrition, exercise, oral antidiabetic and insulin therapy, and insulin injection demonstration. Participants' questions will be answered through WhatsApp to provide interactive support.

Participants in the control group will receive routine face-to-face diabetes education and insulin injection training provided during hospitalization. The education is delivered verbally to patients and their caregivers by the clinical staff. After the follow-up period and data collection are completed, participants in the control group will also be offered access to the WhatsApp-based educational materials used in the intervention group.