Validity of the Non-union Scoring System in Management of Long Bone Fracture Non-union

Improving the stability and re-fixation with different modalities such as exchange plate with longer plate, intramedullary nailing, exchange nailing with larger diameter, plating over nail or dynamization of intramedullary nail.

Re-fixation with biological stimulation such as bone grafting, either with plate and bone graft, plate over nail and graft, or with external fixation with LRS or Ilizarov and grafting in one stage or two stages.

complex care with non-union resection and bone reconstruction, including resection of the non-union and dealing with the defect with bone transport, either direct transport or staged with cement spacer and later bone transport, Masquelet technique or acute compression and lengthening with another osteotomy.

Amputation with consideration of prosthesis.