Prevention of Pulmonary Complications After Laparoscopic Liver Surgery

The intervention includes pulmonary physiotherapy training 7 days prior to surgery and 7 days postoperatively. Patients receive physiotherapy education in a single session preoperatively or via an educational video, to guide pulmonary training at home. The pulmonary training includes deep breathing, and coughing, pursed lip breathing and positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy. The exercise session (10min) is to be performed two times daily for a total of 14 days.