Comparison of Post-operative Pain in Relation to Working Length Assessment by Electronic Apex Locator and Digital Radiography in Permanent Teeth Among Pediatric Patients

"EAL Group: Working length was measured using the Root ZX apex locator (J. Morita Corp., Kyoto, Japan), following the manufacturer's instructions. A #15 K-file was connected to the device and advanced until the display indicated APEX, confirming the location beyond the apical foramen.~DR Group: Working length was determined using a #15 K-file inserted 1 mm short of the estimated radiographic apex. A digital periapical radiograph was taken, and the working length was adjusted accordingly. Repeated radiographs were obtained until the file tip was 1 mm short of the radiographic apex."