"Hypoxic vs. Aerobic Training in Chronic Kidney Disease"

"Traditional Aerobic Training Participants will perform supervised aerobic exercise (e.g., cycling or treadmill walking) under controlled intermittent hypoxic conditions.~Hypoxia protocol: alternating cycles of low-oxygen exposure (FiO₂ 12-16%) for 3-5 minutes followed by normoxic recovery for 2-3 minutes, repeated 6-8 times per session.~Frequency: 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks.~Exercise intensity: Moderate (50-70% of heart rate reserve), adjusted individually based on baseline exercise testing"