Comparing 3D and 2D Views in Biportal Spine Surgery: A Pilot Simulation Study

Use of a stereoscopic 3D high-definition endoscopic system with dual optical channels, projecting to a stereoscopic monitor viewed with polarized glasses, to perform standardized spinal simulation tasks.

Use of the same high-definition endoscopic system with stereoscopic function deactivated, providing conventional monoscopic two-dimensional visualization, to perform standardized spinal simulation tasks.