Exercise Rehabilitation for Cardiorenal Syndrome in HFrEF Patients

Participants receive standardized basic drug therapy for HFrEF and chronic kidney dysfunction in accordance with clinical practice guidelines. Medications include but are not limited to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and diuretics, with dosage adjustments based on individual patient conditions.

On the basis of basic drug treatment, participants in the exercise rehabilitation group receive personalized home-based exercise prescriptions. Prescriptions are developed according to cardiopulmonary exercise test results (using heart rate at anaerobic threshold) or 6MWT (for those unable to complete cardiopulmonary exercise tests). The 6-month exercise program includes aerobic exercises (e.g., brisk walking, cycling), with intensity, duration, and frequency adjusted based on individual tolerance and progress.