Functional Electrical Stimulation With Mirror Therapy on Upper Limb Functions and Quality of Life in Hemiplegic Children

"* Subjects were treated with a combination therapy of task specific mirror therapy and functional electrical stimulation, consisting of two tasks, for a total duration of thirty minutes.~* The subject was positioned on a height adjustable table with the mirror placed in front of the mid line.~* The positive electrode and negative electrode of the muscle simulator were placed over the muscle belly of the wrist extensors on forearm over the motor (between one-third and half-way from the proximal end of the dorsal forearm) of the affected upper limb.~* The subject was then instructed to observe the mirror reflection for one to two minutes, trying to visualize the mirror image as the affected limb, asked to perform slow, easy to achieve simultaneous bilateral movements (perceived bilateral movements) while continuing to look at ,with the affected limb performing synchronously with the duty cycle of electrical stimulation."

"The program will be applied to all children in both groups (A and B). The exercise session for one hour for each child in both groups, conducted 3times/ week for 3 successive months.~1. Flexibility exercises for shorted muscles and spastic muscles.~2. Strengthening training focusing on the trunk lower limb and upper limb muscles for weak muscles.~3. Postural control exercise in different positions and different surfaces~4. General endurance training (Sherief et al., 2020).~5. Exercises to facilitate hand function including basic reaching grasping, carrying, release and the more complex skills of in-hand manipulation and bilateral hand use were conducted."