The Effect of ESWT Added to Conservative Treatment on Pain, Disability, and Ultrasonographic Outcomes in Chronic Low Back Pain

"A total of 6 sessions of ESWT, applied twice a week. Each ESWT session will last approximately 15 minutes. ESWT will be administered with the patient in the prone position, using an energy density of 0.15 mJ/mm², at 4 Hz frequency, and 1,500 shock waves per session.~The ESWT application will be performed on the right and left paravertebral muscles between the L3 and S1 segments."

A total of 15 sessions of conventional physical therapy will be administered, five times per week. Each session will include 20 minutes of hot pack application, 20 minutes of conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), 5 minutes of ultrasound therapy at 1.5 W/cm², and core stabilization exercises performed under the supervision of a physiotherapist. The treatment will be applied over a total period of 3 weeks.