The Effect of Breast Milk on Pain and Stress

Data were collected using the premature infant information form, the premature infant vital signs record form, the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP), and the Neonatal Stress Scale. Two minutes before the ROP examination, 2mL of freshly expressed breast milk was administered to infants in the experimental group using a syringe, placing the milk on the front of the tongue. As part of routine care, all infants were swaddled and given a pacifier before the procedure. Video recording began 3 minutes prior to the ROP examination and continued until the infant stopped crying post-examination. Recordings were assessed by two independent observers to determine pain and stress scores, as well as parameters such as heart rate, oxygen saturation, perfusion index, and duration of crying.