Lifestyle Intervention and Its Effects on Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress Markers in Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Participants received a 12-week supervised aerobic exercise program (5 sessions per week at 70% of age-predicted maximum heart rate) and dietary counseling with a calorie-restricted Mediterranean-style diet of 1,200 kcal/day. The intervention was culturally adapted, including modifications for Ramadan.