The Effect of Hand Holding and Stress Ball Intervention on Pain and Anxiety

Hand holding intervention will be performed by the researcher. Before cataract surgery, the researcher will sit in a chair next to the patient and warm his/her hands to a level that does not disturb the patient. 1-2 minutes before cataract surgery, the researcher will hold the patient's hand without gloves, with one hand, with moderate pressure, without rubbing or squeezing it uncomfortably. The hand holding intervention will continue until the cataract surgery is completed

According to the randomization, the patient in the stress ball group will first be taught the use of stress balls face to face by the researcher. The researcher will place a round, medium-hard, high-quality stress ball of the same brand in the patient's active hand 1-2 minutes before the cataract surgery is started. The patient will be asked to squeeze and relax the stress ball by counting to 5 during cataract surgery. After squeezing the stress ball, he/she should count to 5 and then loosen it. The patient will be asked to continue this process until the cataract surgery is completed.

Patients who did not receive any intervention other than standard treatment and care during cataract surgery were defined as the control group.