Impact of Local Anesthesia Techniques on Children's Dental Treatment Experience

Manual injection using a conventional dental syringe and needle to deliver local anesthetic.

A computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system designed to provide slow, controlled injection with improved comfort.

A needle-free injection system that delivers anesthetic through high-pressure jet injection, reducing injection-related discomfort.

A vibrating attachment for dental syringes that provides vibrotactile stimulation during injection to distract from pain perception