Parkinson's Research In Metagenomic Early Stage Biomarkers

Participants will follow a personalized diet plan over 24 weeks, based on the guidelines of the Mediterranean diet and defined according to their needs and the state of the disease; no food category will be excluded a priori. Individualized nutritional counseling and support materials (weekly meal plans, sample recipes, portion guides) will be provided by a qualified nutritionist. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet will be monitored periodically. Participants will maintain their usual diet during a pre-baseline period of at least 4 weeks, then switch to the Mediterranean plan under the supervision of a nutritionist.

Participants will perform exercise, over 24 weeks, according to WHO recommendations for adults, including those aged ≥ 64 years, to achieve at least 150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity, or at least 75-100 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, or an equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous activity during the week. The WHO 2020 also recommend moderate-intensity or greater muscle-strengthening exercises involving alla major muscle groups for 2 or more days per week. Adherence will be monitored during in-person sessions and through wearable devices for activity tracking.

Participants will continue their usual medical management for early Parkinson's disease according to current clinical guidelines, without any additional dietary or exercise interventions provided by the study, and will be monitored through standard follow-up visits but will not receive any study-specific dietary or physical activity programs.