Comparative Analysis of Intraoperative Effect Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl as an Adjuvant to Heavy Bupivacaine in Spinal Anaesthesia in Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgeries to Evaluate the Hemodynamic Stability and Onset and Duration of Motor Block of Using Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl

patients received 3 mL volume of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 4 µg dexmedetomidine in 0.5 mL of normal saline intrathecal (dexmedetomidine 100 µg/mL diluted in 12.5 ml preservative-free normal saline, 0.5 ml had been withdrawn).

patients received 3 mL volume of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 25 µg fentanyl (0.5 mL) intrathecal.