Intraoperative Heart Rate Thresholds and Postoperative Mortality

This is a non-interventional observational analysis of intraoperative heart rate metrics, including minimum, maximum, average, and time-weighted average heart rate recorded during non-cardiac surgery. The study also includes duration-based metrics such as time spent below or above specific heart rate thresholds. These variables were retrospectively analyzed for their association with 30-day postoperative mortality. No clinical intervention or treatment was administered as part of this study.