The Relationship of Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength on Timed up and go Scores in Transtibial Amputees

"Muscle Strength Measurement:~The strength of the quadriceps (knee extensors) and hamstrings (knee flexors) of the amputated limb will be measured using a handheld digital dynamometer (Nicholas MMT, Lafayette Instruments). Measurements will be taken with the prosthesis in place. Quadriceps strength will be assessed in a supine position with the knee at 30° flexion, while hamstring strength will be assessed in a prone position with the knee at 20° flexion. Each participant will perform three maximal effort trials after a practice attempt. The highest value will be scaled to body mass for analysis."

"Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test:~Participants will complete a standardized 3-meter TUG assessment to evaluate functional mobility. The test will be broken down into five components: standing, walking, turning, returning, and sitting. After one practice run, two timed trials will be conducted, and the average of both will be used for analysis. All procedures will be conducted by trained physical therapists following a standardized protocol."