Microscopic Varicocele Bypass Versus Ligation

Reconstructs spermatic vein drainage via end to side/end to end anastomosis with vessels (e.g., inferior epigastric vein) under 8-15× magnification, preserving testicular arteries/lymphatics.

Blocks venous reflux via double ligation and division of spermatic veins under microscopy, with identical surgical exposure and vascular protection.