The Effect of Heat Exposure on Physiological Markers

Exercise was used as the endogenous heating modality, the participant cycled at 60% of his VO2max until rectal temperature reached 39°C

Hot-water immersion was used as the exogenous heating modality, where the participants sat immersed in a water bath at 43.5 ± 0.5°C and remained submerged until rectal temperature reached 39°C.