Topical Dexamethasone, Ascorbic Acid, and BGP for Enhancing Implant Osseointegration

A topical combination of dexamethasone (anti-inflammatory), ascorbic acid (antioxidant), and β-sodium glycerophosphate (mineralization support) was applied directly to the implant site during surgery. The intervention aimed to enhance early osseointegration by modulating local biological responses.