Stimulating Specific Brain Areas (VOP/VIM) With Electricity to Improve Movement and Muscle Control

All participants enrolled will undergo implantation of deep brain stimulation electrode leads for treatment of movement disorders. In addition to standard-of-care subcortical mapping using micro-electrode recording (MER) and macrostimulation mapping during DBS placement, cortical local field potentials (LFPs) will be simultaneously recorded from primary motor (M1) and somatosensory (S1) cortical areas by placement of a temporary strip electrode (1X6) in the subdural space. The strip electrode over M1 will be used to produce motor evoked potentials to contralateral hand muscles from direct cortical stimulation (DCMEPs). Cortical and subcortical LFPs will be obtained alongside electromyographic (EMG) data while the patient performs contralateral upper extremity movement tasks and a variety of articulation exercises.