Dual-task Training for Frail Older Adults With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain (Pilot)

"Participants in the intervention group will engage in a dual-task training program, in which resistance training will be incorporated with cognitive tasks.~\- Resistance training: Participants will be instructed to perform the following exercises with proper form: (1) squat to chair, (2) seated unilateral hip flexion, (3) seated unilateral knee extension, (4) standing unilateral knee flexion and (5) bilateral calf raise. The lower limb exercises will be followed by four upper limb exercises: (6) seated elbow flexion, (7) twisting a towel, (8) seated horizontal opening of arms and elbow, (9) seated diagonal opening of arm and elbow.~\- Cognitive task: Subjects will be asked to perform a verbal fluency task or mental arithmetic tasks simultaneously with the resistance training exercises."

Subjects in the control group will perform the resistance exercises only without receiving any cognitive training. Ten-minute warm-up and cool-down sessions will precede and follow each exercise session.