A Comparison of Two Different Transseptal Puncture Strategies Without Fluoroscopy Guidance

The movement of the puncture needle was monitored using intracardiac echocardiography rather than fluoroscopy. All other steps followed the conventional approach.

Guided by the ablation catheter image on the 3D mapping system, the long sheath was advanced to the puncture site and then exchanged for a puncture needle. The entire procedure was monitored with intracardiac echocardiography.