Postoperative Pain Evaluation After Obturation With Different Sealers

Root canal obturation using AH Plus (Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC, USA), a resin-based sealer with low solubility and shrinkage. Used in combination with gutta-percha for root canal filling

Root canal obturation using NeoSealer Flo (Avalon Biomed, Houston, TX, USA), a premixed bioceramic sealer based on calcium silicate. Used in combination with gutta-percha to enhance apical healing and biocompatibility.

A warm vertical compaction technique using heat-softened gutta-percha to obturate the canal in three dimensions. Considered the gold standard for achieving dense and homogenous root canal fillings.

A cold hydraulic condensation technique using a single gutta-percha cone matched to the last rotary file, combined with a high-flow sealer. Designed for simplified obturation with minimal operator variability