The Effect of Music Played to Liver Transplant Donors During Surgery on Some Hemodynamic Values and Cortisol Levels

Participants listened to a playlist of 5-6 music tracks they personally selected before surgery. The music was played continuously for 30 minutes through Bluetooth headphones during liver transplantation. Volume was kept at 65 decibels.

Participants wore Bluetooth headphones during the surgery, but no audio was played. This intervention was designed to control for the effect of wearing headphones and isolating ambient operating room sounds.