Outcome of Multimodal Anesthesia Bern

"In the multimodal anesthesia-group a combination of different opioid-sparing drugs are added for general anesthesia, dosages are as follows:~* Magnesium 2g IV~* Dexmedetomidine IV 0.3mcg/kg IBW bolus over 10 minutes, followed by 0.3mcg/kg IBW until 30 min. before the end of surgery or the maximal dosage of 1.4mcg/kg IBW.~* Ketamine IV 0.3mg/kg IBW bolus, followed by 0.3 mg/kg IBW or a max. Dose of 25mg/h, until 30 min. before the end of surgery.~* Lidocaine IV 1mg/kg IBW bolus, followed by 1mg/kg/h IBW until in PACU/ICU"

Opioids (Fentanyl, Methadone, Hydromorphone) at the discretion of the treating anesthetist