400
Participants
Start Date
May 15, 2025
Primary Completion Date
May 25, 2025
Study Completion Date
June 5, 2025
Music intervention
Patient-preferred music (e.g., classical, jazz, ambient) will be selected preoperatively from a standardized list and delivered via headphones at 40-60 dB, verified by a sound meter.
Wonkwag UH, Iksan
Wonkwang University Hospital
OTHER