Mindfulness-Enhanced Dual-Task Training in PD-MCI

"Participants perform physical exercises using the balance training system and isokinetic muscle strength training system while simultaneously completing cognitive tasks to improve motor-cognitive coordination. The training follows a task-segmentation approach:~Balance Task Module: Participants perform dynamic balance training on the balance training system while engaging in cognitive tasks (e.g., digit span, arithmetic, or word fluency tasks).~Strength Task Module: Participants conduct isokinetic strength training while performing corresponding cognitive tasks.~Task difficulty is progressively adjusted based on participant performance."

Guided by a professional mindfulness instructor, participants engage in mindfulness meditation to enhance attention, emotional regulation, and cognitive readiness. The training includes breath awareness, body scan, and present-moment awareness, delivered through guided meditation.

Participants perform physical exercises using the balance training system and isokinetic muscle strength training system without any concurrent cognitive tasks. The training follows a task-segmentation approach, including dynamic balance training and isokinetic strength training to enhance motor function.

Participants remain seated in a quiet environment without engaging in mindfulness training or cognitive tasks.