Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation Plus Transition Zone Modification in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Without Low-Voltage Areas

For those who are randomized to PVI+TZM arm, additional TZM should be performed after finishing PVI ablation. PVI could be performed using open-irrigated contact-force catheter.

In periprocedural period, all antiarrhythmic drugs were discontinued for at least 5 half-lives and amiodarone for 2 months before the procedure. An electrophysiological study was performed after overnight fasting and mild sedated state with administration of intravenous midazolam and fentanyl. PVI should be performed under the CARTO or Ensite electroanatomic mapping system using an open-irrigated contact-force ablation catheter.