"Evaluation the Impact of the Pas Technique Versus the Standard Technique on Radiation Exposure"

"PAS Technique Protocol:~The following steps outline the PAS Technique. While the example below uses 6 injection sites, the approach can be adapted for different pain management procedures with a different number of needle injection sites as needed.~Timer: Begin stopwatch for entire procedure from start to medication insertion. Positioning: The patient is placed in a prone position on the fluoroscopic table. Time out was performed.~Skin Preparation: Clean the injection site with an antiseptic solution and drape it to maintain sterility.~Anesthesia: Administer intravenous sedation Identification of Anatomical Landmark:The spinous process was located and marked as the reference point (SP), which was then used as a guide for the following steps.~Marking Target Points: Using the spinous process (SP) as the anatomical landmark and X-ray guided fluoroscopy, Target Point 1 (TP1) was identified and its position verified. The X value (the horizontal distance from the SP to TP1) was measured."

"In the Standard or Traditional technique, the spinal needles are used to localize the anatomical objective using fluoroscopic guidance for each needle placement. Traditionally, each needle is placed individually with a spot radiological view before placement and after placement of each needle to confirm the localization."