Mechanical Modalities vs. Standard Care for Edema and Pain Management After DRF Fixation

"Materials: A CPM device configured for wrist flexion-extension with an adjustable range of motion set between 0° and 30°.~Procedure:~The participant's wrist is gently secured in the device. The CPM device is programmed to deliver 20 minutes of continuous, passive motion through the set range.~Device settings (e.g., speed) may be modified if the participant reports pain \>4/10 on the NPRS."

"Materials: An IPC sleeve designed for the forearm-to-hand region with a baseline compression setting of approximately 30 mmHg.~Procedure:~After CPM treatment, the IPC device is applied to the affected limb. The sleeve provides 15 minutes of intermittent compression with programmed intervals of inflation and deflation.~Compression levels may be adjusted based on participant comfort and pain ratings."

"Procedures:~Active/active-assisted wrist/forearm range of motion exercises led by a certified hand/physical therapist.~Progressive grip-strengthening exercises using resistance bands or putty. Manual edema management techniques, including gentle massage and manual lymphatic drainage, as well as scar mobilization if needed."