CaspoNEB: Efficacy and Safety of Caspofungin Aerosols for the Curative Treatment of Pneumocystis Pneumonia

The experimental treatment will be administered once daily for up to seven days, through the nebulization route by the means of a disposable vibrating mesh Aeroneb solo® nebulizer with the valved mask (Galway, Ireland). Before generating aerosol, resuspension of the caspofungin powder will be carried out in the same manner than for the IV route, into 10.5 mL saline serum. Preparation of the experimental drug (re-suspension) will be unblindly carried out in a distinct medical office by a nurse neither involved in the healthcare of the included patients, nor in the other parts of the study, data recording or outcome assessment. Once reconstituted, the suspension is expected to be limpid, with neither odour nor foam. Thereafter, its administration will be blindly completed by the clinical staff in charge of the enrolled patient.

Procedures will be exactly the same than those described above for the experimental group, but caspofungin will be replaced during the seven days of intervention by 10mL of 0.9% saline nebulized in the control group for a 15 minute-long process of nebulization (from d-1 to d-7).