Deep Sedation With Pre-emptive Endotracheal Intubation for Advanced Bronchoscopy Procedures

"If an eligible subject consents to participate in the study, deep sedation and preemptive endotracheal intubation will be performed, followed by bronchoscopy. Deep sedation will be administered according to the study protocol, with final approval of sedative administration given by the proceduralist. Oxygen will be supplied at a flow rate of 4-6 L/min via a nasal cannula before sedative administration.~To achieve a deep sedation state (Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation \[MOAA/S\] score ≤ 2, defined as the patient not opening their eyes despite repeated verbal stimuli), an initial dose of 50 mcg fentanyl will be administered, followed by 2.5-5 mg of remimazolam. The sedation depth will be assessed every two minutes using the MOAA/S score. If the patient has not reached deep sedation, an additional 2.5 mg of remimazolam will be administered.~Once deep sedation is achieved, lidocaine will be sprayed onto the trachea and bronchi using a bronchoscope for local anesthe"