Ondansetron vs. Dexamethasone for Postoperative Nausea

Patients in this group will receive an intravenous (IV) injection of normal saline before surgery. This serves as a control group to compare the efficacy of active treatment groups in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Patients in this group will receive a single intravenous (IV) dose of Ondansetron 4 mg before surgery. Ondansetron is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist commonly used to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia and surgery.

Patients in this group will receive a single intravenous (IV) dose of Dexamethasone 8 mg before surgery. Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory properties that has been shown to reduce the incidence of PONV by modulating inflammatory pathways and neuroreceptor activity.