Dispersion Following ESP Versus ITP Blocks Using Lidocaine Study

For the ITP block, the needle will be advanced further into the intertransverse tissue complex between the T4 and T5 transverse processes, and local anesthetic will be injected just above the superior costotransverse ligament, under ultrasound guidance.

The ESP block will be performed by advancing the needle to the transverse process, under ultrasound guidance, with local anesthetic injected between the erector spinae muscle and the transverse process, targeting a caudad-cephalad spread.

local anesthetic to be used in either the ITP and ESP block