The Effect of Stress Ball Use on Stress, Sleep Quality and Comfort Levels

"the stress ball intervention was initiated. Before starting, the researcher provided instructions and demonstrations on how to use the stress ball, allowing then the patients to practice. The stress ball intervention was administered during the second hour of the hemodialysis session when patients were most comfortable. Patients were instructed to squeeze the stress ball once, counting internally as 1-2-3 with each squeeze. The stress ball intervention was administered three times weekly during hemodialysis sessions for 15 minutes each session, totaling 12 sessions for a period of four weeks. Throughout the intervention, patients were observed by the same researcher."