Diagnosis and Percutaneous Treatment of Biliary Tract Diseases

The intervention administered is a percutaneous colangioscopic assisted technique that uses endoscopic Spyglass system. The endoscopic Spyglass system is designed to provide direct viewing and to guide both optical devices and accessories for lithotripsy in case of litiasic pathology and is equipped with a suitable bioptic clamp in case of biopsy collection. The use of the digital Spyglass catheter involves the preliminary percutaneous puncture of the bile ducts with a right, left or combined approach, and the subsequent execution of a cholangiographic study. Additional treatment sessions may be performed every 15-20 days in case of residual lithiasis. At the end of each session, an internal-external transeptic percutaneous drainage (ptbd) of adequate caliber (8-14 fr) is left in place to monitor any complications and maintain a route of access for sequential treatments.