Intraperitoneal Ketamine Versus Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Control After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

In Group K, ketamine 0.25mg/kg diluted in normal saline to a total volume of 40 ml was instilled by the surgeon, 20 ml before starting gall bladder dissection over the surgical site and liver while remaining 20 ml at the end of procedure after securing haemostasis over gall bladder bed and liver.

In Group B, bupivacaine at a dose of 2 mg/kg was diluted in normal saline to a total volume of 40 ml. The administration was performed by the surgeon in two stages: the first 20 ml was instilled before starting the gall bladder dissection, applied over the surgical site and liver, while the remaining 20 ml was instilled at the end of the procedure after achieving hemostasis, applied over the gall bladder bed and liver.