Swartz Sheath With Angioplasty Guidewire-Assisted Technique for Patent Foramen Ovale Closure (STAGE-PFO)

"The angioplasty guidewire is advanced into the left atrium and left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV). The Swartz sheath is then delivered to the left atrium along the 0.014 guidewire through the PFO. Next, the Runthrough guidewire is changed to a 0.035 J-tipped guidewire, which is advanced into the LSPV. Finally, the delivery sheath for the PFO closure device is introduced to the left atrium along the guidewire, and all other toolkits are withdrawn."

In the conventional group, the PFO closure procedure is performed with a multi-functional catheter and guided by intraprocedural fluoroscopy and ICE