The Effect of Classical Music on Dental Students' Stress and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic

to complete a questionnaire including socio-demographic data, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) before patient admission (T1). The students were asked to complete the same questionnaire at the end of the day after working for 2 days (T2) and in the morning on the 5th day of their study before seeing patients (T3).The same questionnaire was refilled at the end of the week in which music was played (T4).

Each of the students participating in the study was given disposable headphones every day during the week of music listening. In this study, Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata (1 hour 2 minutes)23,55, Mozart's Serenata Notturna KV239 (12.50 minutes)18,19, and Pachelbel's Canon in D major (6.16 minutes)24,25 were used. It was shared with the students via WhatsApp and they were allowed to listen to this music on their phones for 1 week (2 hours on average) during the study period.