Effect of Preoperative Sleep Intervention on Postoperative Delirium in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

The cognitive behavioral intervention provides sleep-related education 7-14 days before surgery. The educational content should include the following aspects: 1) Establish a consistent bedtime and wake-up time, recommending a sleep schedule from 22:00 to 07:00, and avoid prolonged daytime naps; 2) Optimize the sleep environment by ensuring a quiet setting, turning off lights, and refraining from using mobile phones, computers, and other electronic devices 30 minutes before bedtime; 3) Manage diet by avoiding caffeinated foods such as chocolate, tea, and cola; 4) Engage in appropriate daytime activities as permitted by the patient's condition.

Patients in the melatonin intervention group are required to take an oral melatonin of 5 mg at 30-60 minutes before sleep (administered at 21:00) nightly for 7 to 14 days before surgery. The melatonin was provided by Kangenbei Pharmaceutical Co., LTD. (Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China).

Patients in the placebo group need to take oral placebos of 5 mg at 30-60 minutes (administered at 21:00) before sleep, nightly, for 7 to 14 days before surgery. The placebo is provided by Guangzhou Boji Biomedical Science Park Co., LTD. (Guangzhou, Guangdong, China).