Recurrence Patterns and Cost-Effectiveness of Surgical Approaches in Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Minimally Invasive Liver Resection In both LLR and RALR, standardized preoperative planning with 3D imaging was utilized to assess tumor location, size, and proximity to vascular structures, enabling precise port placement. Typically, four to five trocar ports were inserted based on the tumor's location, with adjustments as needed