The Use of Propranolol in the Perioperative Period of Resectable Gastrointestinal Tumors

Enrolled patients began receiving propranolol alone orally twice daily (10 mg bid) 10-14 days prior to surgery, and after 3 days of treatment, the dose of propranolol was increased to 20 mg bid daily until the day of surgery if the following three predefined criteria were met: systolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg, heart rate greater than 60 bpm, and no significant symptoms (e.g., syncope, insomnia, fatigue). The patient continues to be treated from 1 week after surgery.From 1 week after surgery, patients continue propranolol for 3 weeks. Patients will be monitored daily for symptoms, blood pressure, and heart rate and will be followed for observation at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery until disease progression or clinical death, unless intolerable toxicity occurs and the patient refuses to continue treatment. The efficacy and safety of the preoperative propranolol β-blockade regimen in patients with gastrointestinal tract tumors was evaluated using the study objectives in S