Adjunctive Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Halitosis

After full-mouth scaling procedures antimicrobial photodynamic therapy was carried out using a laser-activated disinfection device with a red laser emission (wavelength: 630 nm, irradiance: 2000-4000 mW/cm², spot size at the probe tip: 8 mm diameter) and high-viscosity methylene blue gel (0.1 mg/mL) which was applied at six spots on the tongue dorsum. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy was also applied iIn sites with altered periodontal pocket depth (≥ 4mm). The dye remained in the pockets for 10 minutes to ensure full absorption and its excess was rinsed with sterile saline after laser exposure.

Full-mouth scaling within 24 hours, divided into two sessions of ultrasonic instrumentation followed by manual supra- and subgingival scaling and root planing. Tongue cleaning was performed with a tongue scraper.