The Short-term Effect of Low-load Resistance Training with Blood-flow Restriction on Somatosensory-evoked Potentials in Healthy Young Adults

The first experimental session will start by conducting the one repetition maximum (1-RM) test of unilateral knee extension of the dominant leg, in which the dominant side was identified by asking the participants which side they will use to kick a ball. Before conducting the 1-RM test, 5 minutes warm-up on the cycle ergometer at 75W will be done. Calibration of the dynamometer will be done before operating the machine with each participant, then the participant will be positioned on the dynamometer seat comfortably with ensuring the back is supported and the knee is aligned with the axis of rotation. The participant will be asked to complete one successful repetition of knee extension through full range of motion (ROM), with increasing load until the participant can no longer complete full knee extension ROM, 3 minutes of rest will be allowed between attempts until the 1-RM is identified.

"For both experimental sessions 2 and 3, the order of exercise condition will be randomly selected, either to be (1) the application of BFR cuff with resistance exercise, or (2) resistance exercise without the application of BFR cuff to decrease the incidence of learning effect. Cuff pressure during the application of BFR will be standardized to 50% of AOP.~The resistance exercise for both experimental sessions 2 and 3 will be exactly similar and will involve four sets of isometric knee extensions at an intensity of 20% of 1-RM with repetitions of 30, 15, 15, and 15 by using the isokinetic dynamometer machine, which has a good to excellent test-retest reliability for knee extension movement with ICC value of 0.95-0.99. To minimize cognitive and neuromuscular fatigue, the experimental sessions will be separated by a minimum of three days (72 hours)."

"For both experimental sessions 2 and 3, the order of exercise condition will be randomly selected, either to be (1) the application of BFR cuff with resistance exercise, or (2) resistance exercise without the application of BFR cuff to decrease the incidence of learning effect. Cuff pressure during the application of BFR will be standardized to 50% of AOP.~The resistance exercise for both experimental sessions 2 and 3 will be exactly similar and will involve four sets of isometric knee extensions at an intensity of 20% of 1-RM with repetitions of 30, 15, 15, and 15 by using the isokinetic dynamometer machine, which has a good to excellent test-retest reliability for knee extension movement with ICC value of 0.95-0.99. To minimize cognitive and neuromuscular fatigue, the experimental sessions will be separated by a minimum of three days (72 hours)."