Exploring Feasibility, Acceptability and Impact of Using Neurofeedback with Persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment

NeurOptimal nonlinear dynamical (NLD) neurofeedback brain training works as a detection and monitoring system of changes in cortical patterns within the brain, mirroring the brain activity that can be undermining optimal brain function, providing the brain with the information it needs to make its own adjustments which over time results in the brain functioning more efficiently and effectively. Two scalp sensors at C3 \& C4 and two earclips at tops of ears (reference) and one on the earlobe (ground) are used to read EEG activity which is analyzed by the NeurOptimal software. As participants listen to music through earbuds, information is fed back to the individual by slight interruptions in the music. One session lasts 33.5 minutes.

Low energy neurofeedback system (LENS) therapy is an EEG-based direct neurofeedback system that stimulates the brain to reset itself and achieve optimal performance. Therapy consists of delivery of a tiny electromagnetic field carrying the feedback signal down the electrode wires for only one second at each of the chosen electrode sites during every session. Generally, between one and seven of the ordinary electrode sites are utilized during each session. Therapy is adapted to the participant's reactivity/sensitivity and the response of their nervous system.

Chen Medimo Corp (CMC) Brain Music neurofeedback analyzes an individual's EEG brainwave patterns and translates them into orchestral music. Listening to this personalized brain music allows the individual to gain self-awareness and rewire and alter their own mental states. The Brain Music protocol requires regular in-person follow-ups for optimal results. Generally, the number of sessions varies based on individual needs and the progress made in response to the CMC Brain Music. A minimum of once a week in-person sessions is recommended for qEEG model updating to accurately track progress. Each session may last 30 minutes. Additionally, participants are advised to listen to their personalised music at least once a day, with a minimum of two listens per session. In general, participants may start to detect a change in their neurodevelopmental or cognitive function in 4-6 weeks.

The Usual Care control group will be followed in the Memory clinic at intervals determined by their clinician. Usual Care for individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at the The Memory Clinic consists of inter-professional assessment, diagnosis and recommendations. There are currently no drugs approved to treat MCI. Therapy is aimed at managing treatable causes and contributors including medication side effects, thyroid problems, sleep apnea, vitabim B deficiency, depression, anxiety, and unrecognized or untreated difficulties with hearing or vision. Neurofeedback is not a component of the standard of care.