Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine As an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Pericapsular Nerve Group Block in Hip Replacement Surgeries

"With the patient in the supine position and the leg slightly abducted, a curvilinear transducer (2.5-7.5 MHz) is prepared with sterile conduction gel and covered with a sterile probe cover. The transducer is placed transversely over the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), then aligned with the pubic ramus and rotated approximately 45° parallel to the inguinal crease. The probe is slid medially to identify key landmarks: the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS), iliopubic eminence (IPE), iliopsoas tendon, femoral artery, and femoral nerve. Sliding the probe distally or tilting caudally exposes the femoral head.~A 20-22 gauge echogenic needle (100 mm) is inserted in-plane from lateral to medial, targeting the plane between the psoas tendon and the pubic ramus. the anesthetic agent is deposited to lift the psoas tendon while avoiding tendon puncture."

group c will receive PENG block with only 20ml isobaric bupivacaine 0.25%

group D will receive PENG block with 20 ml isobaric bupivacaine 0.25% and 1.5μg/kg dexmedetomidine

the two groups will receive the PENG block under ultrasound guidance

the two groups will receive the PENG block using a standard echogenic 20-22 gauge 100mm needle