Dynamics of Pelvic Floor Muscles With Different Phonation Patterns Among Female Students

"Participants performed various tasks to evaluate pelvic floor muscle activity and displacement. These included a maximum voluntary contraction (cutting off the flow of urine mid-stream), a pelvic floor strain (bearing down for a bowel movement), and the Valsalva maneuver to clear the Eustachian tubes. Additionally, phonation and respiratory exercises were conducted, such as producing the ah sound at different pitches, open-mouth exhalation, coughing, and semi-occluded vocal tract (SOVT) exercises using a small coffee straw, commonly used in singing warm-ups to enhance vocal efficiency. Each task lasted 3 seconds, with 1-minute rest intervals to assess their impact on pelvic floor displacement"