TREM-1 Pathway in Predicting Treatment Outcomes in Periodontitis

Full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements, including PD, CAL, GI, and PI were recorded at 6 sites per tooth, except the third molars, at baseline (T0). A manual periodontal probe was used for PD (millimeters) and CAL (millimeters) measurements; the cemento-enamel junction was used as a reference point for the measurement of CAL.

Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all participants at baseline (T0). The participants were instructed to refrain from mechanical or chemical oral hygiene practices, eating, drinking, and chewing gum for 2 hours prior to sample collection. Every participant rinsed the mouth with tap water for 2 minutes. Ten minutes after rinsing, they were told to allow the accumulation of the saliva in their mouths and then to drain passively the saliva pool from the lower lip into a steril container for 5 minutes.

Periodontitis patients (grade B and C) underwent a program of non-surgical periodontal therapy consisting of conventional quadrant-based scaling and root planing using ultrasonic instruments and manual periodontal curette over four visits at 1-week intervals. All present teeth were instrumented until the root surface was visually and tactilely clean and smooth. Patients who did not respond to treatment at baseline (T0) received a further round of scaling and root planing at three (T3) months post-therapy in order to eliminate residual pockets.

Full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements were performed for all periodontitis patients (grade B and C) at one (T1), three (T3) and six (T6) months after scaling and root planing.

Unstimulated whole saliva were collected from all periodontitis patients (grade B and C) at one (T1), three (T3) and six (T6) months after scaling and root planing.